梅雨季西太平洋副热带高压异常主要模态及其对东亚降水的可能影响     

钱代丽  管兆勇 《气象科学》2020,40(5):649-660

利用近42 a NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,NOAA（National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration）海表温度,CPC（Climate Prediction Center）降水以及中国台站降水观测资料等,对6—7月西太平洋副热带高压（Western Pacific Subtropical High,WPSH）变动的主要模态和形成原因,及其对中国梅雨期降水分布的影响进行了探讨。结果表明,WPSH主要异常模态依次为全区一致型（Ⅰ）,南北异常型（Ⅱ）、东西异常型（Ⅲ）和中心异常型（Ⅳ）。不同异常型的出现受中纬度上游西风带准定常扰动和低纬扰动的不同影响,而后者又与对流层低层大气对不同海温异常型热力强迫响应有关。来自热带中东太平洋的海平面气温异常（Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly,SSTA）信号有利于副热带高压出现第Ⅰ、Ⅱ型异常;第Ⅲ、Ⅳ型异常则分别受海洋性大陆或西北太平洋下垫面热力影响。长江—黄河—日本沿线以及江南和东北地区降水与副热带高压第Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型异常密切联系。  相似文献   

INVESTIGATION OF LAGGED CORRELATION BETWEEN THE TEMPERATURE OF CHINA AND THE GLOBAL OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION IN 1974-1985     

Tao Zuyu  Zhu Yuanjing  Tomas Ting 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1991,5(1):16-27

1-12 month lagged correlations between winter temperatures at 22 stations in China and the global dis-tribution of the Outgoing Longwave Radiation(OLR)are investigated.The basic results are:(1)Themonthly averaged temperatures of Dec.,Jan.and Feb.of China are correlated to the global distribution ofOLR of Oct.,Nov.and Dec.,respectively.It is consistent with the response period(about 50 days)of 500hPa geopotential height field in extratropical latitudes to the thermal forcing in tropical latitudes,and also consis-tent with the Walker cell of a 40-60 day oscillation.(2)There is a significant positive correlation betweenthe winter temperature of the most part of China and the OLR in the Gulf of Mexico.It shows that whenthe thermal forcing of the Gulf of Mexico is stronger,the excited barotropic instability of westerlies in northernAtlantic could influence the East Asian circulation and cause the temperature of China to be below normal.(3)The temperature around the Tibetan(Xizang)Plateau is negatively correlated to the OLR in western equa-torial Pacific,showing that when the Walker cell is stronger,the local Hadley cell in Southeast Asia isstronger and it causes the temperature around the Tibetan Plateau to be higher than normal.  相似文献   

降水对热带海表温度异常的邻域响应　I．数值模拟     

吴国雄  刘还珠 《大气科学》1995,(4)

基于低阶大气环流谱模式，本文设计了太平洋及印度洋４个不同海域的海表温度异常试验，去研究大气环流及降水对热带海表温度异常强迫作用的“同时”性响应。结果表明尽管暖性的海表温度异常均激发出低空辐合及高空辐散，但在不同海域所激发的异常流场却差异甚大。不过降水异常均发生在海表温度异常区及其毗邻处。它在对称的ＳＳＴＡ区的分布一般是非对称的。对水汽收支的分解分析表明，海表温度异常区异常降水的大小主要由异常的低空辐合决定，而异常降水的分布形态则由异常的水汽平流过程所决定。由于异常的低空辐合及异常的水汽平流过程主要发生在海表温度异常区及毗邻处，因此，降水对热带海表温度异常的响应基本Ｌ是一种邻域响应。它发生在气候平均低空气流沿海表温度异常的下风方向，或在海表温度异常所激发的低空异常气流沿气候平均海温降低的方向。  相似文献   

VARIATIONS IN THE TELECONNECTION INTENSITY INDICES AND THEIR REMOTE RESPONSE TO THE EL NINO EVENTS IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE          下载免费PDF全文

朱乾根  施能 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1992,(4)

In this study,the monthly and seasonal teleconnection intensity indices of the Pacific/North American(PNA),Western Atlantic(WA),Western Pacific(WP),Eastern Atlantic(EA)and Eurasian(EU)patterns for the periodfrom 1951 through 1990 are calculated.On this basis,their climatic variations and the relationship between the fiveteleconnection intensity indices and the El Nino events are examined.It is noted that when El Nino is at its mature stage(winter),the weak WP pattern is mainly characteristic of the circulation and the strong PNA pattern is the next.Insummer when El Nino occurs and develops,the strong EU,weak WP and weak WA patterns are the main characteris-tics without the PNA circulation anomalies.Finally,by the nonlinear mapping method a nonlinear mapping diagram isestablished for diagnosing El Nino using three summer teleeonuection intensity indices and May and August SouthernOscillation Indices(SOIs).Thus,the El Nino phenomenon occurring in 1991 is diagnosed.Besides,the winter atmos-pheric circulation of the 1991/1992 El Nino is found to be the weak WP pattern and the PNA pattern is also weak.  相似文献   

北半球大气遥相关型与区域尺度大气扰动   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

钱维宏  梁浩原 《地球物理学报》2012,55(5):1449-1461

北极涛动(AO)、北大西洋涛动(NAO)和太平洋-北美型(PNA)等北半球大气遥相关型,可以用大气位势高度的物理分解扰动分量解释.结果发现,AO反映的是北极地区行星尺度纬圈平均扰动分量的变化,PNA与持续性天气尺度扰动分量相联系,NAO是行星尺度纬圈平均扰动与天气尺度扰动共同作用的结果.对行星尺度纬圈平均扰动分量和天气尺度扰动分量用旋转经验正交函数(REOF)展开,不但可以证实人们已经命名的区域性大气涛动,还新发现了北极地区的两对偶极涛动、欧亚涛动(EAO)和"大西洋-欧亚型"(AEA)波列.这些涛动连接了相邻地区的异常天气和异常气候.  相似文献   

近55年宁夏秋季降水的时空变化特征及其大尺度环流背景   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

陈豫英  陈楠  王式功  陈晓光  郑广芬  陈晓娟  穆建华 《干旱区地理》2009,32(1)

利用1951-2005年宁夏秋季降水、SST、NCEP/NCAR全球再分析资料及74个环流特征量,使用REOF、小波变换、相关分析等多种统计方法,分析了宁夏秋季降水的时空变化特征及其与SST和北半球500 hPa高度场的遥相关.结果表明:近55年,宁夏秋季降水呈下降趋势,异常敏感区在宁夏北部和六盘山区;1979年前后发生突变,突变后降水明显减少,有显著的3年和6年左右周期变化;加利福尼亚西岸海区是影响宁夏秋季降水的SST关键区,3～5月是关键期,SST冷(暖)水位相与宁夏秋季降水偏多(少)相对应;3～5月加利福尼亚西岸海区SST在1979年前后发生突变,突变前后北半球中低纬度地区500 hPa高度场变化显著,新疆脊、西太平洋副高和印缅槽是宁夏秋季降水的主要影响系统.  相似文献   

Changes in reference evapotranspiration over China during 1960–2012: Attributions and relationships with atmospheric circulation          下载免费PDF全文

Rongfan Chai  Shanlei Sun  Haishan Chen  Shujia Zhou 《水文研究》2018,32(19):3032-3048

This study investigates reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) trends in China from 1960 to 2012 based on the Penman–Monteith equation and gridded meteorological measurements. Under the combined impacts of factors influencing ET₀ (i.e., net radiation [RN], mean temperature [TAVE], vapour pressure deficit [VPD], and wind speed [WND]), both seasonal and annual ET₀ for the whole China and more than half of the grids decreased over the past 53 years. The attribution analyses suggest that for the whole China, the WND is responsible for annual and seasonal ET₀ decreases (excluding summer, where RN is responsible). Across China, the annual cause of WND with the largest spatial extent (43.1% of grids) mainly derives from north of the Changjiang River Basin (CJRB), whereas VPD (RN) as a cause is dispersedly distributed (within and to the south of the CJRB). In summer, RN is dominant in more than half of the grids, but the dominance of VPD and WND accounts for approximately 90% of grids during the remaining seasons. Finally, the correlation coefficients between ET₀ and the Atlantic Oscillation (AO), North AO, Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices with different lead times are calculated. For the whole China, annual and seasonal ET₀ always significantly correlate with these indices (excluding the IOD) but with varied lead times. Additionally, near half of the grids show significant and maximum (i.e., the largest one between ET₀ and a certain index with a lead time of 0–3 seasons) correlation coefficients of ET₀ with PDO in spring and summer, ENSO in autumn, and AO in winter. This study is not only significant for understanding ET₀ changes, but it also provides preliminary and fundamental reference information for ET₀ prediction.  相似文献   

江西省夏季降水年际变化的机理研究          下载免费PDF全文

汪甫  郭建茂  叶晓歆  胡康  林嘉宝  赵奕 《气象科学》2021,41(2):253-258

通过对观测资料和大气再分析资料的诊断分析,研究了影响江西省夏季降水变率的物理机制。结果表明江西省夏季降水存在显著的年际变率。极端条件下,降水偏多的夏季可达降水偏少的夏季的降水量的三倍。中纬度地区的准静止波列和热带关键海区的海温异常是造成江西夏季降水异常的主要原因。当江西省夏季降水偏多时,欧亚大陆地区存在"正—负—正"的准正压Rossby波列结构,位于贝加尔湖的正活动中心能引导干冷空气南下,从而有利于江南地区的锋生和江西降水的增加。此外,当江西省夏季降水偏多时,前期冬季中东太平洋地区有El Ni1o事件的活动,并能通过大气桥在夏季印度洋地区形成正海温异常。通过"印度洋电容器"机制,印度洋的暖海温能激发向东传播的Kelvin波,引起菲律宾地区降水的减少。菲律宾地区抑制的降水能激发向北传播的EAP/PJ波列,使得西太平洋副热带高压西伸增强,从而有利于水汽向江南地区的输送,并造成江西夏季的降水增加。  相似文献   

2020年与1998年梅汛期洪涝的异常大气环流及相关海表温度强迫的差异性分析北大核心          下载免费PDF全文

钱卓蕾  钱月平  马洁华 《气象科学》2022,42(4):506-516

2020年梅汛期长江流域强降雨范围超越1998年,且雨量中心偏北,这与两年的异常大气环流和海表温度强迫差异有密切联系。与1998年相比,2020年西北太平洋异常反气旋(WNPAC)偏北偏强,中心偏东,东亚双阻形势偏弱,使得副高北抬加强,北侧的西南气流亦偏北偏强,中高纬反气旋和气旋对的存在使得30°N以北为异常东北风控制,冷空气偏强,长江流域上空的水汽含量亦偏多,这些环流差异直接导致2020年降水较1998年偏多且中心偏北。这两年在对流层中层都存在大西洋—西太平洋的波列,但2020年波列偏南,有利于东亚反气旋和气旋对的维持以及WNPAC和副高的北抬加强,而1998年波列偏北且偏强,有利于双阻形势的稳定。2019/2020年(1997/1998年)冬季发生中部型(东部型)El Ni?o事件,前者强迫的6—7月WNPAC北界位置较后者偏北;同时2019/2020年印度洋—太平洋中部一致增暖,使得WNPAC加强,中心东移。2020年(1998年)同期处在北大西洋强(弱)负三极子模态,可能是两年中高纬度环流形势差异的主要原因之一。2020年(1998年)南太平洋中部暖海温异常(冷异常)能加强(减弱)越赤道气流,有利于WNPAC偏东偏北(偏西偏南)和水汽输送加强(减弱)。综上,2020年与1998年梅汛期降水差异可能由多洋盆海温强迫协同作用所致。  相似文献   

冬季中东急流中心位置的年际变化及其与大气环流的联系          下载免费PDF全文

吴玲玲  段俊毅 《大气科学学报》2022,45(1):65-75

利用NCEP/DOE再分析资料,通过EOF分解、合成分析和线性回归等多种统计学方法,对年际时间尺度上冬季中东副热带西风急流(Middle East subtropical westerly Jet stream,MEJ)中心位置的变化进行研究,分析了MEJ中心位置的年际变化与大气环流的联系,找到了与MEJ中心位置相联系...  相似文献